Æèøýý
ïðîãðàìóóä:
·
In_out.cpp
·
Manip.cpp
·
Setw.cpp
·
Flags.cpp
Ëåêöèéí
çîðèëãî:
Ýíýõ¿¿
ñýäâèéí
õ¿ðýýíä
Îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
ïðîãðàì÷èëàëûí
õýë áîëîõ C++-ûí
C-ýýñ ÿëãààòàé
çàðèì íýã
òàëóóäûã
òîäîðõîé
æèøýýíýýñ
õàðüöóóëàõ
çàìààð
ñóäëàõ áà
ãîë íü C++-ûí
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
óðñãàëûí
ñàí, îíöëîã
îïåðàòîðóóäûí
òóõàé
ìýäëýãòýé
áîëîõ ÿâäàë
þì.
Ýíãèéí
òàéëáàð:
Ýõíèé
ýíýõ¿¿
ëåêöýýð
Îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä ïðîãðàì÷èëàëûí
õýðýãñýë
õýë áîëãîí
C++-èéí òàëààð
ñóäëàõ þì. Åð
íü áèä
îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
òåõíîëîãèéí
¿íäñýí
îéëãîëòóóä,
öààøèä
îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
øèíæèëãýý,
îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
çîõèîìæèéí
àðãà÷èëàëûã
ñóäëàõàä
õýðýãëýãäýõ
óäàìøèë, îáúåêòûí
áèåý äààñàí
áàéäàë,
ïîëèìîðôèçì
çýðýã
óõàãäàõóóíóóäûã
èë¿¿ ãîë
áîëãîí ¿çýõ
þì. Èíãýæ
îíîëîîð
¿çñýí
îéëãîëòûã
õýðýãæ¿¿ëýõèéí
òóëä, ïðàêòèê
äàäëàãààð
òóðøèõûí
òóëä C++ õýëèéã
àøèãëàæ
áàéãàà þì.
Ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åä
java çýðýã
îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
ïðîãðàì÷èëàëûí
îëîí õýëèéã
àøèãëàõ
áîëñîí ÷ áèä
1-ðò ñóðãàëòàíä
õýðýãëýõýä
õàìãèéí
òîõèðîìæòîé,
2-ðò óÿí õàòàí
õýë ó÷ðààñ C++
ïðîãðàì÷èëàëûí
õýëèéã
àøèãëàõ
ñîíãîëò
áîëñîí þì.
Áèä áàéøèí
áàðèõ òóõàé
îíîëîîð ¿çýæ
áàéãàà ãýâýë
áàéøèíã
áàðèõ
á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í
áîëîõ
òîîñãî,
áåòîí ýñâýë
ìîä, õàéðãà
õýðýãëýãäýõ
òîíîã
òºõººðºìæ
áîëîõ àëõ,
õàäààñ,
õ¿ðçíýýñ
àâààä êðàí áóñàä
ìàøèí
òåõíèêèéã C++
õýëòýé
ä¿éö¿¿ëæ áîëîõ
þì.
C++-èéí
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
õóâüä
ãîë àñóóäàë
íü öààøèä
áèä îáúåêò
ãýäýã
îéëãîëòûã
¿çýæ
ñòàíäàðò
áîëîí
õýðýãëýã÷èéí
òîäîðõîéëñîí
îáúåêòóóäòàé
àæèëëàõ
ó÷ðààñ îðîëò
ãàðàëòàíä
ôóíêö áóñ
òýðõ¿¿ îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
îáúåêò
õýðýãëýõ
òóõàé àâ÷
¿çýõ þì. Íýãýíò
îðîëò
ãàðàëòàíä
çîðèóëàãäñàí
îáúåêò
õýðýãëýæ
áàéãàà ó÷èð
õýðýãëýõ
õýðýãëýý íü
õÿëáàð,
àøèãëàõ õ¿ðýý
íü ºðãºí
áàéõ þì.
Îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí iostream.h
ôàéë Ñ++-èéí
êîìïèëÿòîð
íü Ñ-èéí
ìàêðîñ, îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
ôóíêö¿¿äýä stdio.h
ôàéëûã
àøèãëàäàã.
Ãýâ÷ ÿìàð
íýã ïðîãðàìûã
èë¿¿
ã¿íçãèé
(ñàéí ãýæ
îéëãîæ
áîëíî) áè÷èõ,
ÿëàíãóÿà
ÎÕÏ-ûí
îíöëîãèéã
õýðýãëýõ ¿åä
Ñ-èéí printf()
áà scanf()
áîëîí áóñàä
ôóíêö¿¿ä
øààðäëàãà
õàíãàõàä
äóòàãäàëòàé.
ªºðººð õýëáýë
íýãýíò îáúåêò
õàíäàëòàä
ïðîãðàì÷èëàëûí
õýëèéã àøèãëàí
ýíý
òåõíîëîãèéí
äàâóó òàëûã
õýðýãëýõ
¿åä îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
îáúåêòûã
àøèãëàõ íü
òîõèðîìæòîé
áàéäàã þì. Ñ++ íü
ñòàíäàðò
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
îïåðàòîðóóäûã
àøèãëàäàã.
Ñ++-ä
õýðýãëýãääýã
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
îïåðàòîðóóä
íü iostream.h
òîëãîé
ôàéëä áóþó header
ôàéëä
òîäîðõîéëîãääîã.
Ïðîãðàìä
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
îïåðàòîðóóäûã
àøèãëàõûí
òóëä: #include
<iostream.h> ãýæ
áè÷èæ
ºãºõ
øààðäëàãàòàé.
iostream.h ôàéë íü
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí
ºãºãäëèéí
óðñãàë áà
îðîëò,
ãàðàëòûí
òîäîðõîéëîëòîîñ
á¿ðäýíý. Ýíý
íü Ñ++-èéí íýã
¿íäñýí
óõàãäàõóóí áîëîõ
êëàññûí
ä¿ðñëýëèéã
àãóóëíà
ãýñýí ¿ã þì.
Äàðààõ
çóðãàíä iostream.h
ôàéë äàõü
îðîëò ãàðàëòûí
êëàññóóä
áîëîí
ò¿¿íèé
îáúåêòóóäûã
ä¿ðñëýí
¿ç¿¿ëýâ. iostream.h
cin, cout, cerr áà
clog
îáúåêòóóäûí
äàâóó òàëÑ++-ä
Ñ-èéí scanf(),
printf()
ôóíêöèéã
àøèãëàæ
áîëîõ
áîëîâ÷
ýäãýýð ôóíêö
íü ÎÕÏ-í
îíöëîãèéã
õýðýãëýõýä
èõýýõýí
äóòàãäàëòàé
áàéäàã.
Èéìýýñ
äàðààõ îáúåêòóóä
àøèãëàäàã.
¯¿íä: cin; cout;
cerr;clog îðíî. Îáúåêòûí
íýð | Òºõººðººìæ (òîäîðõîéëîîã¿é
¿åèéí) | Ñ- äýõ
èæèë ÷àíàð | Òàéëáàð | Cin | Ãàð | Stdin | Ñòàíäàðò
îðóóëàõ
òºõººðºìæ | Cout | Äýëãýö | Stdout | Ñòàíäàðò
ãàðãàõ
òºõººðºìæ | Cerr | Äýëãýö | Stderr | Ñòàíäàðò
àëäàà | Clog | Äýëãýö | - | Ñòàíäàðò
áàãöëàãäñàí
àëäàà |
cin
áà cout insertion
îïåðàòîð <<
áóþó extraction
îïåðàòîð >>-
òýé öóã
õýðýãëýãääýã. C++-èéí
îðîëò
ãàðàëòûí << >>
îïåðàòîðóóä<< áîëîí >>
îïåðàòîðóóä
íü îðóóëàõ
áà ãàðãàõ
îïåðàòîð þì.
ªìíº íü áèä <<
áîëîí >>
îïåðàòîðóóäààð
áèòèéí
ç¿¿í áà
áàðóóí
øèëæ¿¿ëýëòèéã
(C-ä)
ã¿éöýòãýõèéã
ìýäíý.
Òýãâýë Ñ++-ä
òýäãýýð
îïåðàòîð íü
äàõèí
òîäîðõîéëîãäñíîîð
õî¸ð ººð
¿¿ðýãòýé
áîëæ áàéíà. cin,
cout, îáúåêòóóäûí
õàìò << áà >>
îïåðàòîðóóä
íü char, int, float ãýõ
ìýòèéí
ñòàíäàðò
¿íäñýí
ºãºãäëèéí òºðºëä
àæèëëàõààñ
ãàäíà
õýðýãëýã÷èéí
òîäîðõîéëñîí
òºðºëä ÷
îðóóëàõ áà
ãàðãàõ ¿éëäëèéã õèéõ
óÿí õàòàí
÷àíàðòàé áîëíî.
Äîîðõè
æèøýý
ïðîãðàìä
ãàðààñ
õýðõýí ºãºãäºë
îðóóëàõ,
õýðõýí
äýëãýöýíä
õýâëýõèéã
õàðóóëñàí.
̺í
ò¿¿í÷ëýí
ººð îëîí
äàâóó òàëûã
òà îëæ õàðàõ
áîëíî. In_out.cpp
Ãàðààñ
ºãºãäºë
îðóóëàí
äýëãýöýíä õýâëýõ
æèøýý
ïðîãðàì: #include <iostream.h> main() { int inch = 0; // inch –
ãýñýí íýãæ cout <<
"inches:"; cin >> inch; cout <<inch; cout << " in =
"; cout << inch*2.54; cout << "
cm\n"; } ¯ð
ä¿íä: inches:25 //
ãàðààñ óòãà
îðóóëíà.
Æèøýý íü 25 ãýæ
îðóóëúÿ. 25 inch = 64 cm ãàðàõ
áà ýíý
õýâëýõ
õýñãèéí <<
îïåðàòîð àøèãëàí
äàðààõ
ìàÿãààð
áè÷èæ
áîëíî./¯ð ä¿í
íü èæèë
ãàðíà./ cout << inch <<
" in = " << inch*2.54 << " cm\n"; Ñ++
èéí îðîëò
ãàðàëòàíä
Ñ-èéí \n, \r, \a
çýðýã á¿õ óäèðäàõ
êîäóóä
áîëîâñðóóëàëò
õèéíý. Õýâø¿¿ëýõ
õýëáýð¿¿ä Ïðîãðàìä
îëîí
õóâüñàã÷èä
àøèãëàãäàæ
áàéõàä
òýäãýýðò
ãàðààñ óòãà
îëãîõ äýëãýöýíä
õýâëýõäýý
õóâüñàã÷
õîîðîíä çàé,
òàáóëÿöè
àâàõ áà
øèíý ìºðºíä
îðóóëàí ºã÷
áîëíî. Õýâø¿¿ëýã÷èä | Òàéëáàð | Dec | 10-òûí
òîîëîëä (decimal) | Hex | 16-òûí
òîîëîëä (hexadecimal) | Oct | 8-òûí
òîîëîëä (octal) | Flush | Ãàðãàõ
òºõººðºìæèä
áóôåð äýõ
á¿õ ºãºãäëèéã
ãàðãàõ | Endl | Ãàðãàõ
óðñãàëä flush áà
øèíý ìºðèéã
ãàðãàõ | Ends | Óðñãàëä
(/0) null òýìäýãò
îðóóëàõ | Setprecision(int) | Òàñëàëààñ
õîéøõè
îðîíãèéí
òîî òîäîðõîéëîõ | Setiosflags(òºëºâ) | Õýâø¿¿ëýõ
òºëâèéí
óòãààð
ãàðãàõ
õýëáýðèéã
òîõèðóóëàõ | Resetionflags(long) | Setiosflags-ààð
ººð÷èëñºí
õýëáýðèéã
øèíýýð
òîãòîîõ | Setw(int) | Õýâëýãäýõ
òàëáàðûí
ºðãºíèéã
òîõèðóóëàõ |
Òîîíä
àøèãëàãäàõ
õýâø¿¿ëýã÷äèéã
ìýäñýíýýð
á¿õýë òîîã
10-ò, 19-ò, 8-òûí
õýëáýðýýð
õýâëýæ
÷àäíà. ßìàð ÷
õýëáýðèéã
ñîíãîîã¿é
¿åä ýíý íü
10-òûí òîîëîëä
áàéäàã. Äàðààõ
æèøýýã àâ÷
¿çâýë: #include <iostream.h> main() {
cout<<247<<endl; cout<<hex<<247<<endl; cout<<oct<<247<<endl; cout<<dec<<247<<endl;} ¯ð
ä¿íä: 247 f7 367 247 Õýâø¿¿ëýã÷èéí
¿éë÷ëýõ
õ¿ðýý
äàðàà÷èéí õýâø¿¿ëýã÷
õ¿ðòýë
¿ðãýëæèëíý.
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